Rules of  Al –Qalqalah | Letters of Alqalqalah and its degrees

Al –Qalqalah means vibration or echo or shaking of letter sound when pronouncing 5 sakin Arabic letters.

It can be stated as a state between a Saakin (letter with Sukoon sign on it) and Mutaharrik (letter with Movement)

Al- Qalqalah  occurs only on 5 sakin letters, and these letters are 

 ق ط ب ج د   

To remember easily letters of Qalqalah you can memorise the phrase they make up قُطبُ جَدٍّ 

Degrees of Qlaqalah 

There are three types or degrees of Qalqalah 

1 - The first degree is week and it is called قلقلة صغرى   qalqalah sugrah (weak), and it is in sakin letter that we don't stop on it either in the middle of a word likeأَفَتَطْمَعُونَ  or in the middle of a phrase like قَدْ سَمِعَ 

2 - The second degree is strong and it is called قلقلة كبرى qalqalah kubra (strong), and it is in the sakin letter that we stop on it either this sukoon is orginal sukoon such as : لَمْ يَلِدْ  or temproray sukoon because of stopping such as  الْفَلَقِ

We notice that when we stop on any letter in Arabic we stop with sukoon even if this letter has a vowel. So we qalqalah occurs at the letter of قطب جد  at the end of any word we stop on it even it has a vowel and this is called temporary sukoon because of stopping. 

3 - The third degree is strongest and it is called قلقلة أكبر   qalqalah akbar (strongest), this degree is the strongest degree of qalqalah, and it is on mushaddad letter that we stop on it such as الْحَقَّ ، وَتَبَّ

Rules of Qalqalah Video

Applying Rules of Qalqalah 

 Important tips we should put in mind when we pronounce qalqalah letters: 

The echo sound in qalqalah sugrah is weaker than that of qalqalah kubra, because the sakin qalqalah letter occurs between two voweled letters (letters which has vowel on them), and it is known that this leads to strength the letter, so the effort to show qalqalah in it is a little effort. But when we stop on the qalqalah letter it will be weak because there is no voweled letter after it, so the effort to show qalqalah on it with be much effort. From here the qalqalah on sakin we stop on it is stronger than in sakin we don't stop on it.

When doing qalqalah we should consider heaviness in heavy letters and lightness in light letters, and we shouldn't end the sound of qalqalah with Hamzah sound.

The time of qalqalah in mushaddad letter we stop on it is longer than the time of qalqalah in sakin letter that we stop on it. 

We shouldn't do qalqalah in mixing sakin letter

 for examples 

dal sakin followed by taa because we mix dal in taa such as : قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ  

taa sakin ط followd by taa ت because we mix them such as بَسَطْتَ

because no qalqalah with mixing. 

Qalqalah at sometimes becomes difficult in some words because of many reasons like combining two sakin one of them is qalqalah letter such as : لَفِسْقٌ ، الْقَدْرِ ، عَهْدَ  or combining two qalqalah letters in one  letter and in such cases we make qalqalah in every letter isolated.