Hamzah at the beginning of the speech two types "Hamztul-wasl" and "Hamztul-Kate3"
We'll
discuss the first in the following research
Hamztul-wasl
from only three sides:
What is hamztul-wasl?
The
position of hamztul-wasl (when it occurs)?
How we
start with it?
What is "Hamztul-wasl?"
Hamztul-wasl
is "alif" without Hamzah upon it; it is written on the normal writing
without anything upon it. In Quran, it is written like this ٱ
Hamztul-wasl
is pronounced "as Hamzah" when we start our reading with it, and not
pronounced in the middle of speech, as it is preceded with a letter for
example.
Hamztul-wasl
comes only at the beginning of the word and not in the middle or at the end.
Hamztul-wasl
comes in nouns or verbs or articles.
When we
start with it, we should pronounce it as "voweled Hamzah" with fathah
or dammah or kasrah according to certain rules we'll mention them.
The
letter after Hamztul-wasl should be saakin "consonant"
The main
function of Hamztul-wasl is to be able to pronounce the word which start with
"saakin" because the Arabs don't start reading any word if it has
saakin letter; so, they mention it at the beginning of the word which start
with saakin.
We don't
pronounce hamztul-wasl in the middle of the speech or if it is preceded with a
letter or a word because the saakin letter after it depends upon the vowled
letter after it, so, there is no need to pronounce it.
Hmaztul-wasl
is know by this name which is translated as "link hamzah" because we
use it as a link to pronounce the saakin letter after it, because without it,
it is impossible to pronounce the saakin letter at the beginning of any word.
Its sign
on Moshaf is a small head of "صـ" letter upon Alif like this ٱ
The positions of Hamztul-wasl
Hamztul-wasl
occurs in the following
1 – in
the ten nouns الأسماءُ
العشرة
The ten
nouns are ten nouns which don't depend upon a certain rule, but these nouns
were heard with hamztul-wasl and these ten nouns, seven among them are
mentioned in Quran.
The
first seven are mentioned in Quran, the last three are not mentioned in Quran.
|
1 |
ٱبْن (ٱبْنَان) |
|
2 |
ٱبْنَت (ٱبْنَتَان) |
|
3 |
ٱمْرؤ |
|
4 |
ٱمْرأت (ٱمْرأتَان) |
|
5 |
ٱثْنَيْن |
|
6 |
ٱثْنَتَيْن |
|
7 |
ٱسْم (ٱسْمَان) |
|
8 |
ٱبْنَم |
|
9 |
ٱيْمُ ٱللَّه (ٱيْمَنُ ٱللَّه) |
|
10 |
ٱسْت |
Examples
from Quran of Hamztul-wasl of ten nouns
وَنَادَى نُوحٌ رَبَّهُ فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنَّ ٱبْنِي مِنْ أَهْلِي وَإِنَّ
وَعْدَكَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنْتَ أَحْكَمُ الْحَاكِمِينَ (45) هود
مَا الْمَسِيحُ ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ إِلَّا
رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ وَأُمُّهُ صِدِّيقَةٌ كَانَا
يَأْكُلَانِ الطَّعَامَ .. (75) المائدة
وَمَرْيَمَ
ٱبْنَتَ
عِمْرَانَ الَّتِي أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا فَنَفَخْنَا فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِنَا
وَصَدَّقَتْ بِكَلِمَاتِ رَبِّهَا وَكُتُبِهِ وَكَانَتْ مِنَ الْقَانِتِينَ (12) التحريم
قَالَ
إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ابْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَى أَنْ
تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ ... (27) القصص
إِنِ
ٱمْرُؤٌ
هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ...(176)
النساء
يَا
أُخْتَ هَارُونَ مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ ٱمْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ
بَغِيًّا (28) مريم
ضَرَبَ
اللَّهُ مَثَلًا لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ٱمْرَأَتَ نُوحٍ وَٱمْرَأَتَ لُوطٍ .. (10)
التحريم
وَإِنِ
ٱمْرَأَةٌ
خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ
يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا .. (128) النساء
وَوَجَدَ
مِنْ دُونِهِمُ ٱمْرَأَتَيْنِ
تَذُودَانِ قَالَ مَا خَطْبُكُمَا ...(23) القصص
إِلَّا
تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ ٱثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي
الْغَارِ ... (40) التوبة
يَا
أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ
الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ ٱثْنَانِ
ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ ... (106) المائدة
فَانْبَجَسَتْ
مِنْهُ ٱثْنَتَا
عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ ...(160) الأعراف
فَإِنْ
كَانَتَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِ
فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ...(176) النساء
وَمُبَشِّرًا
بِرَسُولٍ يَأْتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي ٱسْمُهُ
أَحْمَدُ ... (6) الصف
2 –
In the definite article ال of both lam shamsiah and lam Qamareyah
Examples
from Quran
ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (2) ٱلرَّحْمَنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
(3) مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ (4) الفاتحة
3 – in
the imperative of the verb which has three letters in its past form
We have
the verb كَتَبَ he
wrote, this verb has three letters in its past form with the pronoun
"he". The imperative of this verb is ٱكْتُبْ
We have ٱقْرَأْ the
imperative from قَرَأَ "he read"
We have ٱدْرُسْ the imperative from دَرَسَ "he studied"
Examples
from Quran
وَإِذِ
اسْتَسْقَى مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ فَقُلْنَا ٱضْرِبْ بِعَصَاكَ الْحَجَرَ.... (60)
البقرة
ٱقْرَأْ
بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ (1) العلق
4 – In
the past, imperative and gerund of the verb which has five letters in its past
form with the pronoun "he".
|
The gerund |
The imperative |
The past |
|
ارْتِحَالٌ travelling |
ارْتِحِلْ travel |
ارْتَحَلَ (he)
traveled |
|
انْتِبَاهٌ paying
attention |
انْتَبِهْ pay attention |
انْتَبَهَ (he) paid attention |
|
اسْتِمَاعٌ listening;
hearing |
اسْتَمِعْ listen;
hear |
اسْتَمَعَ (he) listened; heard |
|
اجْتِهَادٌ working
hard |
اجْتَهِدْ work hard |
اجْتَهَدَ (he) worked hard |
وَمِنَ
النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِي نَفْسَهُ ٱبْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ رَءُوفٌ
بِالْعِبَادِ (207) البقرة
ٱقْتَرَبَ
لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابُهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍ مُعْرِضُونَ (1)الأنبياء
ٱنْطَلِقُوا
إِلَى مَا كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ (29) ٱنْطَلِقُوا إِلَى ظِلٍّ ذِي ثَلَاثِ
شُعَبٍ (30) المرسلات
وَإِذَا
ٱنْقَلَبُوا إِلَى أَهْلِهِمُ ٱنْقَلَبُوا فَكِهِينَ (31) المطففين
فَمَنِ
ابْتَغَى وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْعَادُونَ (7) المؤمنون
5 – In
the past, imperative and gerund of the verb which has six letters in its past
form with the pronoun "he".
|
The gerund |
The imperative |
The past |
|
اسْتِحْسَانٌ applauding; agreeing; expressing
approval |
اسْتَحْسِنْ applaud;
approve; express you approval |
اسْتَحْسَنَ (he)
applauded (expressed his approval) |
|
اسْتِغْفَارٌ asking
forgiveness |
اسْتَغْفِرْ ask forgiveness |
اسْتَغْفَرَ (he) asked forgiveness |
|
اسْتِكْبَارٌ showing
arrogance |
اسْتَكْبِرْ show
arrogance |
اسْتَكْبَرَ (he) showed arrogance |
|
اسْتِبَانةٌ making
sure; detection |
اسْتَبِنْ make
sure; detect |
اسْتَبَانَ (he) made sure; detected |
وَإِذْ
قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى وَٱسْتَكْبَرَ
وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ (34) البقرة
فَقُلْتُ
ٱسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا (10) نوح
وَإِنِّي
كُلَّمَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ جَعَلُوا أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ
وَاسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيَابَهُمْ وَأَصَرُّوا وَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا ٱسْتِكْبَارًا (7) نوح
How to start with hamztul-wasl
How to start with hamztul-wasl in ten nouns
One case
(hamzah with kasrah)
If we
start with hamztul-wasl in the ten nouns we should start with it as Hamzah
Maksorah (normal Hamzah vocalized with Kasrah like this إِ
How to start with hamztul-wasl in gerund nouns (nouns derived
from verbs)
If we
start with hamztul-wasl in the gerund nouns we should start with it as Hamzah
Maksorah (normal Hamzah vocalized with Kasrah like this إِ
Examples
from Quran
إِنَّ
فِي ٱخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ
وَالْأَرْضِ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَّقُونَ (6) ال عمران
وَمَا
لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَى (19) إِلَّا ٱبْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ
الْأَعْلَى (20) الليل
وَلَوْ
يُعَجِّلُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ الشَّرَّ ٱسْتِعْجَالَهُمْ بِالْخَيْرِ لَقُضِيَ
إِلَيْهِمْ أَجَلُهُمْ فَنَذَرُ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا فِي
طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ (11) يونس
How to start with hamztul-wasl in article "the ال"
One case
(hamzah with fathah)
If we
start with hamztul-wasl in the definite article ال we
should start with it as Hamzah Maftohah (normal Hamzah vocalized with fathah
like this أَ
How to start with hamztul-wasl in verbs
Two
cases (hamzah with dammah or with kasrah)
Concerning
verbs we start with hamztul-wasl with Dammah or Kasrah (and not with fathah) as
following:
We
should start with hamztul-wasl as Hamzah Madmomah (normal Hamzah vocalized with
Dahmmah like this أُ if the
third letter of the verb has original dammah
Examples
from Quran
ٱدْعُ
إِلَى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجَادِلْهُمْ
بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ
وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ (125)الإسراء
ٱنْظُرْ
كَيْفَ ضَرَبُوا لَكَ الْأَمْثَالَ فَضَلُّوا فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلًا
(48)الإسراء
إِنَّا
أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ
الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالْأَحْبَارُ
بِمَا ٱسْتُحْفِظُوا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ... (44)المائدة
We
should start with hamztul-wasl as Hamzah Maksorah (normal Hamzah vocalized with kasrah like this إِ if the third letter of the verb has fathah
or has kasrah or has temporary
dammah (not original dammah)
Examples
from Quran
Concerning
the third letter which has fathah like:
وَإِذَا ٱنْقَلَبُوا
إِلَى أَهْلِهِمُ ٱنْقَلَبُوا فَكِهِينَ (31) المطففين
Concerning
the third letter which has kasrah like:
ٱصْبِرْ
عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ وَاذْكُرْ عَبْدَنَا دَاوُودَ ذَا الْأَيْدِ إِنَّهُ
أَوَّابٌ (17) ص
Concerning
the third letter which has temporary dammah (not original dammah) occurred only
in five verbs in the Holy Quran:
These
verbs are
ٱقْضُوا
– ٱبْنُوا – ٱمْشُوا – ٱمْضُوا - ٱئْتُوا
وَاتْلُ
عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ نُوحٍ إِذْ قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ يَا قَوْمِ إِنْ كَانَ كَبُرَ
عَلَيْكُمْ مَقَامِي وَتَذْكِيرِي بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ فَعَلَى اللَّهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ
فَأَجْمِعُوا أَمْرَكُمْ وَشُرَكَاءَكُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُنْ أَمْرُكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ
غُمَّةً ثُمَّ ٱقْضُوا إِلَيَّ وَلَا تُنْظِرُونِ (71) يونس
وَكَذَلِكَ
أَعْثَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّ
السَّاعَةَ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا إِذْ يَتَنَازَعُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَمْرَهُمْ
فَقَالُوا ٱبْنُوا عَلَيْهِمْ بُنْيَانًا رَبُّهُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِهِمْ قَالَ
الَّذِينَ غَلَبُوا عَلَى أَمْرِهِمْ لَنَتَّخِذَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَسْجِدًا (21)
الكهف
قَالُوا
ٱبْنُوا لَهُ بُنْيَانًا فَأَلْقُوهُ فِي الْجَحِيمِ (97) الصافات
وَانْطَلَقَ
الْمَلَأُ مِنْهُمْ أَنِ ٱمْشُوا وَاصْبِرُوا عَلَى آلِهَتِكُمْ إِنَّ هَذَا
لَشَيْءٌ يُرَادُ (6) ص
فَأَسْرِ
بِأَهْلِكَ بِقِطْعٍ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَاتَّبِعْ أَدْبَارَهُمْ وَلَا يَلْتَفِتْ
مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ وَٱمْضُوا حَيْثُ تُؤْمَرُونَ (65) الحجر
فَأَجْمِعُوا
كَيْدَكُمْ ثُمَّ ٱئْتُوا صَفًّا وَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْيَوْمَ مَنِ اسْتَعْلَى (64) طه
وَإِذَا
تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ مَا كَانَ حُجَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ
قَالُوا ٱئْتُوا بِآبَائِنَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (25) الجاثية
How to
know the temporary dammah of the third letter
We know
that dammah of this verb is temporary if we use the verbs to speak to dual and
this dammah is turned to be yaa or kasrah like:
اقْضَيا
– امْشِيا
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